The term “feature film” is one you’ll hear frequently when discussing the magic of cinema. But what exactly defines a feature film, and how did it become the cornerstone of the movie-going experience? This guide will delve into the definition, history, and key characteristics of feature films, providing you with a comprehensive understanding of this fundamental aspect of the film industry.
Defining the Feature Film: More Than Just a Long Movie.
At its core, a feature film is a narrative film with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole presentation in a commercial entertainment program. Essentially, it’s the main attraction you go to see at the cinema.
The term “feature” itself originates from the early days of moving pictures when films were shown in vaudeville theatres. The feature movie was precisely that – the highlighted part of the evening’s program, often accompanied by shorter pieces like newsreels, shorts, and advertisements. The title of the feature film was likely what was displayed on the theatre’s marquee.
How Long is a Feature Film?
While the definition seems straightforward, the specific length that qualifies a film as a feature has varied over time and across different organisations. Here’s a breakdown of some key perspectives:
- The Cambridge Learner’s Dictionary defines a feature film as a film that is usually 90 or more minutes long.
- The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the American Film Institute, and the British Film Institute consider a feature film to have a running time of more than 40 minutes.
- The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) asserts that a feature film’s running time is 60 minutes or longer. In another instance, SAG defines it as a minimum of 80 minutes.
- The Centre National de la Cinématographie in France defines a feature film as a 35 mm film longer than 1,600 metres, which translates to exactly 58 minutes and 29 seconds for sound films.
Despite these differing thresholds, the primary purpose of these distinctions is to separate feature films from short films, which are typically under these specified durations. Films commonly screened in commercial movie theatres generally run over 80 minutes.
A Look into the History of Feature Films.
The evolution of motion pictures into storytelling features was largely driven by their potential to generate revenue and the growing demand for longer narratives. Early motion pictures screened in theatres were initially quite short but gradually increased in length.
The First Feature Films.
The first narrative feature film is often cited as the 70-minute Australian film, The Story of the Kelly Gang, released in 1906. Other early examples of feature-length films include:
- Les Misérables (1909)
- L’Inferno (1911)
- Defence of Sevastopol (1911)
- The Adventures of Pinocchio (1911)
The Growth of Feature Films.
The term “feature film” gained prominence to distinguish the main, longer film from the shorter films – often called “shorts” – that preceded it in a cinema program. These shorts included newsreels, serials, animated cartoons, live-action comedies, and documentaries. The “featured” film gradually expanded in length from two to three to four reels in the early 1910s.
By 1915, the United States was producing over 600 feature films annually. It’s a common misconception that The Birth of a Nation (1915) was the first American feature film. India has held the position of the country with the highest feature film output since 1971.
Technological advancements like the introduction of sound with The Jazz Singer (1927) and the development of colour film further fuelled the demand and evolution of feature films.
Key Differences: Feature Film vs. Short Film.
Beyond the obvious difference in time, feature films and short films differ in several key aspects:
Structure.
Feature films typically follow a traditional three-act structure that unfolds over a longer duration, allowing for more detailed exposition and denouement. Short films, with less time, often focus more on rising action and climax.
Characters.
The extended length of feature films enables filmmakers to introduce a greater number of characters, allowing for full character arcs and deeper audience connection. Short films usually focus on fewer characters and offer a more limited glimpse into their lives.
Budget.
Feature films generally require significantly larger budgets compared to short films. Short films are often used as a proof of concept to generate interest and investment for a potential feature film.
Feature Film vs. Movie: Are They the Same?
The terms “movie” and “film” are considered synonymous in the film industry. “Movie” is simply a slang term for “motion picture.” Therefore, a feature film is a specific type of movie – a longer, narrative-driven one designed as the main attraction.
The Art and Business of Feature Filmmaking.
Creating a feature film is a complex process that blends art and business. It involves:
Storytelling
Feature films are best suited for singular stories where the protagonist typically undergoes a significant journey or faces a central conflict.
Filmmaking Process.
This encompasses everything from developing the initial concept and writing the screenplay to:
- Pre-production (financing, casting, location scouting)
- Production (filming)
- Post-production (editing, sound design, music, colour grading)
Distribution and Exhibition.
Once complete, the film needs to reach its audience through:
- Film festivals
- Theatrical releases
- Digital platforms
Business Aspects.
This includes crucial elements like:
- Budgeting
- Securing financing
- Managing revenue streams
- Understanding the legal framework
Conclusion: The Enduring Power of Feature Films.
Despite the rise of other forms of entertainment, the feature film remains a dominant and significant force in global culture. It continues to captivate audiences, shape perceptions, and provide a powerful medium for storytelling. Understanding what constitutes a feature film, its history, and the intricate process of bringing one to life provides a deeper appreciation for the art and industry of cinema.
Frequently Asked Questions.
What is Considered a Feature Film?
A feature film is a full-length movie, typically over 40-90 minutes in duration, designed to be the main attraction in a theatrical screening. It’s a narrative work employing script, acting, cinematography, and directing to create an engaging story.
What is the Difference Between a Feature Film and a Movie?
A “movie” is a general term for any motion picture, regardless of length. A “feature film” is a specific type of movie, typically longer than 40-90 minutes, intended as the primary presentation in a cinema.
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